Rhamnus frangula L. 

Medicinal parts: Bark

Native to:Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Tuva, Ukraine, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:Canary Is., Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, Tennessee, Uzbekistan, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Homotypic Synonyms:Frangula dodonei Ard. ex Soldano;Frangula vulgaris Hill;Rhamnus frangula L.

Original plants and herbarium: